Zoeller M267 Review: How Does It Function? The Zoeller M267 package includes a 1/2 horsepower pump with a 10-foot power cord, but does not include any additional items such as an alarm, battery, or backup pump. Now that I’ve discussed the various features and benefits of the Zoeller M267, it’s time to look at the technical specifications of this sump pump. Zoeller M267 Review: Technical Specifications With that in mind, let’s look at some of the pros and cons of the Zoeller M267: While some might be more suitable for your needs than others, there’s no “best” sump pump out there – only the best one for you and your home. It’s essential to remember that not all sump pumps are equal. This is a great feature, especially if you cannot set up an automatic float switch. This sump pump also has a manual discharge switch, which can direct water flow to an alternative location. This pump is also equipped with a durable impeller specially designed to handle tough-to-remove materials. This sump pump has been built to last, featuring a rust-free, corrosion-resistant construction. The automatic float switch can protect your homes from flooding. It’s suitable for installation in many sump pits and can be used in commercial and residential settings. The Zoeller M267 can be operated automatically via an automatic float switch. The following are some of the most notable features of this sump pump: Automatic float switch It’s a heavy-duty pump that can move up to 1750 gallons of water per hour, which is more than enough for many homeowners. The Zoeller M267 is one of the most powerful sump pumps on the market. Zoeller M267 Review: Features And Benefits
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The Commercial Invoice should be accessible from outside of the package. Contact local Customs and Border protection for additional assistance and information regarding requirements. Download and fill-in Commercial Invoiceįill out the Commercial Invoice to completion. Prepare package for shippingĮnsure package is well prepared and has room for the Commercial Invoice. In addition, to reduce delays the information on the Commercial Invoice should be stated in the language of the country of departure and country of import to reduce delays. If an item does not contain any commercial value then a fair market value or nominal market value must be stated on the Commercial Invoice. The total weight (net and gross) of each package and total number of packages.The total number of items or units, total value of each unit (also considered the purchase price).The territory or country of origin for each item in terms of where it was manufactured.Information identifying if the item requires Harmonized Tariff Codes.Name of the item and the purpose of the item.A fully detailed description of the item or items sold, inclusive of what the item is made of.The terms of the sale, amount paid and currency information (in country it was sold and country it’s coming into).The consignees first name, last name and address.The shippers first name, last name and address.This information can help trace the package origins, if crossing multiple countries or if the contents/makings of the package at one point were banned from the country it is entering. Gives history of package – Providing the history of the package will be useful information for the Customs Agent to have to grant entry to the package. This will make the decision of the cargo package to enter into the country quicker. If the information on the Commercial Invoice matches the customs entry form then the Customs Agent can deduce that the package is safe and secure. This would entail holding a shipment for as long as necessary to conduct the exam and could potentially cause all future shipments sent by the shipper to be delayed as well. Informs custom’s security of contents – If Customs does not have the required documentation the package(s) could face additional examinations. Reduces delays – If the appropriate documentation is clear, concise and inclusive of all required information, it will significantly reduce delays within Customs, as they will have all information necessary to make a decision of the contents easily. USPS Commercial Invoice – To send a package internationally with the United States Postal Service. UPS Commercial Invoice – Submit to a UPS representative, either at a corporate or franchise location, and use to send a package internationally. The commercial invoice should also identify any and all products being shipped and potential hazards.Ĭanadian Commercial Invoice – For the sole use of sending a package from outside of Canada and into the country.įedEx Commercial Invoice – When shipping a product internationally use this form when submitting a package to be shipped by FedEx.ĭHL Commercial Invoice – Use at selected DHL locations when sending a package to another country. The commercial invoice is the main document that is utilized for control of the import, valuation, classification, and determination of duty by the countries customs agent. A commercial invoice is utilized to detail charges for any shipment that contains an item other than a paper document. Whether you have experience or this is your first time making a video, we’ll give you everything you need to make a high-quality video.Ĭreate content your viewers actually watch. Start with a template or just record your screen and add a few effects. You don’t need a big budget or fancy video editing skills. Key Features of TechSmith CamtasiaĬamtasia is quick to learn. Camtasia’s new video templates make it easier than ever to create the video you need. Camtasia makes it simple to record and create professional-looking videos. How to use Crack of TechSmith Camtasia?.#Camtasia 9 serial keys serial keyĬamtasia Studio 9 Serial Key 94fbr By paddzicomple1979 Follow | PublicĬamtasia Studio 2019 Crack + License Key Full Version. Camtasia Studio 2019.0.10 Crack video developing tool which helps in making creative videos.You can easily engage others with your thoughts. It assists users of a different field to convey their information. Camtasia Studio 9 is Very Easy and Simple by All Type Video #ALLTYPEVIDEO Camtasia Studio 9 serial key: HFBCVUY6J576CYU69CC6CMCSD8 PEWFH-DJHR4-8735R-WEB13-PI. Camtasia Studio 9 License Key Full Version 2020 Camtasia Studio 2020.0.7 Crack premium is considered as one of the widely used software for video creation and the editing. Mostly the newbie in the field of video editing are using this software. But many professional people also love to use this product due to its hallmarks. The only 'crack' I know of is cutting and re-pasting the 'RegInfo.ini' file from the Camtasia 9 folder and opening the program (but you have to do this every time you open the program). Then when you need to export, turn off your internet, type in a fake serial key, and export normally as the servers try checking if the key is real. How to find Camtasia Studio Serial Number / Software Key? Camtasia Studio is an application that records desktop images, webcam video, and audio. 1 Camtasia Studio 2020.0.8 Crack Free Torrent Download Ĭamtasia Studio 2020.0.8 Crack Free Torrent Download Camtasia Serial KeyĬamtasia Studio 2020.0.8 Build 24521 Crack Full Version Download is an outstanding screen recorder software to make video tutorials.It is the most popular modifier for screen film and sound video altering. You can give a new and latest look at your video and can present it according to your choice. Furthermore, this app makes people able to create new videos without any difficulty and complication. Moreover, you can make the best version of your pre-existing video by upgrading its visuals. This app is perfect for making the masterpiece of your recording. 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The first one is the Camtasia recorder that records any audio and video. However, in the United States and Canada, the term “Solitaire” is simply used for Klondike, as it's the most well-known version of the game in those areas. Solitaire is a broad category of single-player card games, and Klondike is a specific version of Solitaire. Is there a difference between Solitaire and Klondike? Make sure you read the rules of the version you’re playing to see how many decks are needed. Others, like Spider, involve two sets of decks. Some versions of Solitaire, like Klondike, use a single standard 52-card deck. That’s a lot of Solitaire! How many decks are used in different versions of Solitaire? However, 247 Solitaire offers eight different varieties: 1 Card Klondike, 3 Card Klondike, Freecell, Spider Solitaire, 2 Suit Spider, 4 Suit Spider, Scorpion, Wasp, and Yukon. There are so many variations of Solitaire, and variations of those variations, that it’s hard to pinpoint exactly how many there are. Solitaire is used in North America while Patience is usually used in the UK and Europe. No, these terms typically refer to the same kind of single-player card games. Is there any difference between Solitaire and Patience? Of course, it’s not always possible to win if you’re unlucky, but a player who knows the right moves at the right time will be able to pull through an otherwise tricky situation. While the game itself does rely on luck and chance a lot, it’s what you do with the draw that matters. Yes, there is a great deal of skill involved in Solitaire. Once you’ve revealed all the cards on the tableau, it’s just a matter of time until you’ve won! After that, it’s about getting better, which is why we provide a timer to see your best time. Otherwise, build your stacks to reveal more cards on the tableau. As you’re going, place any card in the foundations as you can. You’ll be repeating these processes for the rest of the game. Plus, finding Aces in there means you can start building foundations from the tableau or from the stock as well! Remember that once you finish revealing the stock, the waste is placed back into the stock in the exact same order. The stock is a good place to fish for specific cards since you’ll know exactly what’s there. Once you’ve done what you can on the tableau, you can go through the stock. If you can find some Aces this way, that’s great! If you start filling up stacks on top of those face-down cards, it’s going to be harder to reveal them. Beginners will start going through the stock immediately, but these cards aren’t going anywhere. With those rules understood, the best strategy to begin is to reveal as many face-down cards on the tableau as you can. Also, you can only begin a new stack on the tableau with a King, and the waste pile must maintain the same order that you drew them. On the tableau, you must place cards in descending order from King to Ace, and they must alternate colors. The objective of 1 Card Solitaire is to fill your foundations in ascending order from Ace to King by suit. And remember: once you finish your foundations, you win! Now, you can begin playing! As you can see, the game is all about arranging cards in order. In this version of Solitaire, 1 Card Solitaire, you draw cards from the stock one at a time. When the stock runs out, the waste is brought back into it in the same order. The discard pile next to it is called the waste, where unused stock cards are kept in order of draw. The stack in the upper left is called the stock, which is a pile you can draw from to reveal new cards and add them to the tableau if you’re able. Completing your foundations means you’ve won the game! You must have the appropriate ace down before building on your foundations. The objective of the game is to arrange the cards from the tableau into the four suits-clubs, diamonds, spades, and hearts-in ascending order starting with the ace. When there’s an empty spot, only a king can fill it, so keep that in mind! Revealing all the cards on the tableau is an important strategy of the game. The face-down cards are revealed when there are no face-up cards in front of them. You may arrange cards in descending order on the tableau, switching between suits.įor example, here, you’d be able to move the red queen on top of the black king, but you wouldn’t be able to put the red 5 on top of the red 6. As you can see, there are seven stacks of cards, each with one more face-down card than the next. The cards on the board are called the tableau. In the settings, you can turn autoplay on and off, turn sound on and off, view your game statistics, and view the instructions of the game (just in case the following explanation isn’t enough). There are buttons to start a new game, access settings, and undo the last move. In the bottom left, there’s a timer, and your best time is on the bottom right. Once you hit play, the action begins! The game will automatically arrange your beginning setup. LibreOffice is a 100% free and exceptional office suite available on Mac. Summary: Office like free PDF editor for Mac There is one more feature that I need to high light here is that with macOS Monterey or later, you can use preview as an OCR software which helps you turn scanned PDF files to searchable and editable PDF. Your Mac comes with Preview, which is adequate for reading and managing PDF files, even doing some baic PDF editing: You can add text box, hight light, strick though, merge PDFs, add sticky notes, underline and sign PDF files and there’s no download required! But if you’ve run the gamut (no pun intended) with what you can do with Preview, you’re probably in need of something a bit more sophisticated. Summary: Add text box, sticky notes, sign PDF files and use OCR with tools already on your Mac. The size of the installation package is the largest of the software mentioned in this article, which may also be a consideration for some users. and one very good feaature of this app is you can access and store files in cloud. It has tools for highlight, underline, strike-through, add text box,stamp, etc. Users can find the most annotating tools in the “comment” bar. This freeware enables to view, print, fill PDF forms, annotate, sign and share PDF documents. Adobe Acrobat Reader DC as a basic program in the Adobe family, is available on desktop and mobile devices. In the huge market of PDF editors, Adobe’s position is unshakable. Store files in cloud and support PDF form filling. Summary: Free PDF editor that supports comment, annotate, sign and print PDF files. Latest version: 12.1.1 released on July 25, 2023 The old version of this app support print and create PDF files, but since the new update in july this app removes the two functions. You can also sign PDF files with this tool, the only downside is that the text you type in will be in blue color, and it's not changeable. It has a typewriter which help you fill PDF forms, type text on PDF files and it offers a whole set of PDF annotating functions like highlight, adding note box, underline, add bookmarks & comments, search and protect PDFs. Have enough tools for PDF annotating, PDF signing and form-filling.įoxit Reader is a fast and lightweight free PDF editor for Mac users. Summary: A free, lightweight PDF edior for Mac computers. Follow the article and pick the best free PDF editor for Mac. In this part, we post 8 best free PDF editors on desktop, including Foxit Reader, Adobe Acrobat Reader DC, Preview, LibreOffice, Skim, PicoPDF, PDFSam Basic and PDF Nomad. The above-mentioned content is only to increase your understanding of the PDF editor. Best Free PDF Editor for Mac-Desktop Freeware For all I know, free online PDF editors are not particularly safe. Plus, there are some limitations such as file size, function permission and download limit. Moreover, some free Mac PDF editors are not fluid, thus the program might get stuck or lag. It has some non-negligible drawbacks meanwhile. Also, it can be used on any device and at any time. Whether you want to edit PDF online or offline, there is always one for you.įor users who need to handle PDF tasks for a short time, some built-in free PDF editors on Mac or online programs not only save the time to download and install software, but also save the subscription fee. There are some 100% free PDF editors on the software market. Create PDF from Word, PowerPoint, EPUB, CHM and 40+ popular formatsįree Download macOS 10.13 or later Free Download Windows 11/10/8/7.Convert native PDF to 15+ formats (Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Images, HTML, EPUB, PDF/A, etc.).Manipulate pages: rotate page, move pages, delete pages, insert blank pages, crop pages and merge documents as you like.Annotate PDFs: add digital signature, notes, watermark, text box, shapes, underline or strikethrough.Edit PDFs: edit and replace any text in your PDF document without changing layout.Cisdem PDFMaster All-in-One Mac PDF Editor and Manager Many users take formatting as the last resort to errors they encounter. If your USB flash drive is infected with virus or malware, you can format the disk to totally get rid of threats. USB drive can be reformatted to FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, EXT4, etc., so that it can be used on different system platforms. Formatting process creates a file system to organize data, and it also can change file system format when necessary. You can perform a full format on the flash drive, which helps check USB drive health by scanning whether there are bad sectors on the USB drive. Will you format the USB flash drive you've recently purchased? The answer should might be Yes. If you want to permanently erase data from USB drives (make USB data recovery impossible), you can refer to the guide: How to completely wipe a USB flash drive?. Since it causes data loss, be sure files are backed up before formatting. The quick formatting is the best way to wipe data from storage media with ease and speed. This section sums up what formatting can do for you. In fact, some underlying benefits of formatting a USB flash drive are ignored. In many cases we format a drive in order to prepare it to be used by operating systems or erase all data. What formatting a USB disk can do for you? understand the ins and outs of formatting? Let's take a close look at it now. Many users count on formatting to fix errors on storage devices, free up disk space, or change file system formats. In this guide, you can find multiple methods to format USB disks and you can choose one based on actual situation and needs.įormatting a USB drive, volume or hard drive is one common operation to all computer users. Formatting a USB drive can repair corrupt partition as well as change file system format, thus we may need to format USB flash drives from time to time. This article mainly talks about how to format / reformat USB flash drive to FAT32, exFAT, NTFS or EXT4 file system in Windows 11/10/8/7/XP. Have you seen Super Mario Bros the movie and want to play Super Mario like crazy? If you already had a great time with Super Mario 64 you can try other Mario Bros games like: Super Mario Bros, Super Mario All Stars or Super Mario World Online. Not only is this the key to mastering this game and taking Mario to his goal. Learn to study the environment in detail and to take into account every possibility it offers you. The key lies in mastering them all progressively. But don't worry, because the game will guide you to discover each new skill little by little. A fan-made PC port for the classic Super Mario 64 has been released. And you can also crouch, crawl, swim or carry objects. A fan-made PC port for Super Mario 64 is available for download, and it allows for higher resolutions since it is not a simple emulator. You can choose to walk or run in all directions. Now you will have double jump, triple jump, backward jump, long jump or wall jump. Super Mario 64 introduces a variety of new mechanics, in addition to the traditional jumping and punching. Cheats to beat Super Mario 64Įach installment of the series, whether Super Mario Kart 64 or Super Mario 64 ds, has its own tricks. It is as fast and simple as entering the application and it loads.Īre you going to stay without trying this classic? Or you can relive it if you already enjoyed it in its day. To play Super Mario 64 online you don't need to download anything. Is it necessary to download Super Mario 64 rom? And it reached the highest levels of the saga to date in terms of technical quality, ambition, duration, fun, diversity of scenarios and soundtrack. It made the leap to a fully 3D environment and took advantage of all its possibilities. It revolutionized the platform genre by introducing the concept of an open world to explore with great freedom. A proposal that updated the saga, maintaining recognizable aspects and implementing many new features. The delivery marked a before and after in the history of video games. Enjoy a unique experience as you guide Mario through an incredible world full of magic. Super Mario 64, genauer gesagt der inoffizielle PC-Port, hat nun eine Raytracing-Mod erhalten, die die neue Technik in den Klassiker bringt. To succeed in this adventure, you must prove your courage and cunning and defeat all the enemies that stand in your way. Popkultur-Fetischist: Star Trek, Star Wars, alles mit Star, verspeist Spiele-OSTs zum Frühstück, Großmeister der Bärenschule. You will explore every corner of the castle and magical worlds to recover all the stars and defeat Bowser. With each recovered star you will gain access to new parts of the castle until you can face Bowser and free your beloved Peach from her captivity. Now, your mission is to help Mario find these stars in the different worlds to save the princess from her prison. The villain has used the power of the stars to imprison Peach and her servants. Princess Peach has invited you to share a special moment in her castle, but the evil Bowser has arrived to ruin the celebration. The game looks insanely sharp, and raises the visual quality from within the game’s rendering itself.Explore the Mushroom Kingdom with our favorite plumber in Super Mario 64 with mind-blowing 3D graphics! The name of their texture pack is sm64redrawn, and as you can see in the video below, the results speak for themselves. The description states that some of the in-game textures have have had their resolution increased by as much as ten times, with some being even higher. If you have been itching to increase the quality of those classic, in-game textures, a new 4K texture pack might be just what you have been waiting for.Īccording to the description on Github, this new 4K texture pack is the painstaking work of 16 contributors who have gone to great lengths to increase the iconic Nintendo 64 visuals. Super Mario 64 PC Port - Mods - HD Mario. Thus, we suggest downloading if you already use these two mods. A collaboration texture pack for Super Mario 64 with the people over at the OldSchool HD, now known as Render 96, that is made of a compillation of the best results ESRGAN upscaling could make as the base for this project, as well of some of the original textures Nintendo used, and a heavier focus in original textures made by project. With the online release of a dedicated, DirectX 12 PC port of Super Mario 64, the only thing more exciting than actually playing the game is the inevitable creation of mods. This glitch occurred when using the HD model for Mario alongside the 60fps patch. No need to buy into a whole new battery system. Kit includes two 20-Volt max battery packs rated at 2 Ah. Adapter will not fit in DEWALT 18-Volt chargers. Adapter requires the use of 20-Volt max chargers. The adapter also will not work with FlexVolt batteries. Allows for use of 20-Volt MAX lithium-ion batteries in most DEWALT 18-Volt lithium-ion tools. They do, however, give an amply large list of exceptions-likely for some of the reasons stated above. It lets you use 20V Max batteries in most of their 18V tools. As an example, the DeWalt DCA1820 battery adapter ( $39.99) claims compatibility with most DeWalt 18V tools. Just to cover our bases-yes, we know some battery adapters work without any issues. While a manufacturer may not know whether or not you used third-party batteries with their product, you still risk voiding a warranty if or when they find out. DEWALT Battery Adapter 18V to 20V, For Drills, Sanders and More, Charger Not Included, Bare Tool Only (DCA1820) 15,518 2K+ bought in past month 3465 FREE delivery Thu, Nov 16 on 35 of items shipped by Amazon Or fastest delivery Wed, Nov 15 More Buying Choices 32. It can even shorten the lifespan of the tool. That can present a problem and run the tool hotter than expected. If a tool cannot communicate properly to a battery pack, you can end up in a situation where it asks for too much power. Manufacturers don’t like when you bypass the safety communication protocols built into either their batteries and/or tools. Using a tool with third-party battery adapters can have a similar effect. Bounce that drill off a roof onto concrete and you’re unlikely to get it serviced under the warranty. 3 – Potentially Voiding the Manufacturer’s Warrantyīelieve it or not, manufacturers actually care about how you use their tools and batteries. Nobody enjoys either a dead battery or a burned-up tool. Now you’ve created a potential “brick” pack that can no longer take a charge. What’s more-if a lithium-ion battery is “dumb” because the tool is smart, then putting it on a “dumb” tool means you can now drain the pack down below its nominal level. In both cases, all of the built-in protection that keeps both the tool and the battery from going so far that it damages itself is gone. Unfortunately, when you bypassed it with a battery adapter or voltage converter, you likely took away its ability to protect itself. Your car is most likely going to shut itself down before permanent damage occurs, and your cordless tool does the same. Just like the battery adapter, you’ve bypassed the electronic communications to do so. You’re just telling the tool to push the gas pedal farther. The same thing goes for these voltage boosters. See how long it takes for your temperature gauge to rise and idiot lights to illuminate. Tool battery adapters largely ignore the lines that govern safe use of a tool. Yes, we can push the tool and battery beyond what they’re rated for, but not for long and not without consequences. Just like the car, there’s an optimal operating range. This comes from extreme heat production in the motor and/or pack. Driving the motor beyond what it is designed to maintain will most likely result in failure. The creditor in Monopoly loans money to another player during the course of the game. In Monopoly, the creditor is the Bank of Monopoly. Once all assets have been turned over, the player is out of the game. These assets can include property, cash, and even Monopoly money. If a player owes money to the bank, they must turn over all of their property deeds to the bank. When this happens, the player must immediately turn over all their assets to the bankruptcy court. Under Monopoly bankruptcy rules, a player is deemed bankrupt if they owe more money to other players than they have in cash on hand. It is one of the things that makes Monopoly such an exciting and challenging game. If a player draws a card that says they owe money and cannot pay, they go bankrupt.īankruptcy is integral to Monopoly because it can happen to any player at any time. If a player lands on a space that requires them to pay a fine or tax and they cannot pay, they go bankrupt. If a player owes rent and cannot pay, they go bankrupt. There are a few different ways that a player can go bankrupt in Monopoly. Let’s get started! What is Bankruptcy in Monopoly? In this guide, you will get to know all about Bankruptcy in the game and Monopoly Bankruptcy rules in detail. However, not everyone can do that, and eventually, some run out of money and get bankrupt soon. In the Monopoly game, everyone tries to get rich quickly and build properties in the game. The percentage of an element produced in the top producing country. Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact Medium = substitution is possible but there may be an economic and/or performance impact High = substitution not possible or very difficult. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply. The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. The number of atoms of the element per 1 million atoms of the Earth’s crust. This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores. The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems.ĭata for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey.Īn integrated supply risk index from 1 (very low risk) to 10 (very high risk). Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average.Ītoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase.ĭensity is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm 3 at room temperature. The temperature at which the liquid–gas phase change occurs. The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right.Įlements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell.Ī horizontal row in the periodic table. The barium cation is written Ba 2+, not Ba +2.A vertical column in the periodic table. Note the convention of first writing the number and then the sign on a multiply charged ion. Figure 3.3 "Predicting Ionic Charges" shows how the charge on many ions can be predicted by the location of an element on the periodic table. On the other side of the periodic table, the next-to-last column, the halogens, form ions having a 1− charge. Ions made from alkaline earth metals, the second group on the periodic table, have a 2+ charge. For example, all ions made from alkali metals, the first column on the periodic table, have a 1+ charge. Thus, the periodic table becomes a tool for remembering the charges on many ions. In many cases, elements that belong to the same group (vertical column) on the periodic table form ions with the same charge because they have the same number of valence electrons. In macroscopic samples of sodium chloride, there are billions and billions of sodium and chloride ions, although there is always the same number of cations and anions. The number of electrons lost by the sodium atom (one) equals the number of electrons gained by the chlorine atom (one), so the compound is electrically neutral. Notice that there are no leftover electrons. The resulting combination is the compound sodium chloride. With two oppositely charged ions, there is an electrostatic attraction between them because opposite charges attract. On the right, the chloride ion has 18 electrons and has a 1− charge. On the left, the chlorine atom has 17 electrons. Most nonmetals become anions when they make ionic compounds.įigure 3.2 The Formation of a Chlorine Ion Negatively charged ions are called anions A negatively charged ion. When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge because they now possess more electrons than protons. Some atoms have nearly eight electrons in their valence shell and can gain additional valence electrons until they have an octet. Most metals become cations when they make ionic compounds. Positively charged ions are called cations A positively charged ion. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charged electrons to balance the positive charges of the protons in the nucleus. In cases where an atom has three or fewer valence electrons, the atom may lose those valence electrons quite easily until what remains is a lower shell that contains an octet. Some atoms have only a few electrons in their outer shell, while some atoms lack only one or two electrons to have an octet. Most atoms do not have eight electrons in their valence electron shell. Use Lewis diagrams to illustrate ion formation. |
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